In Perl, there are 2 different kinds of hashes.

• A hash, which is defined by the % and ( ) characters - %hash = ( );
• A reference hash, which is defined with the $ and { } characters - $hash = { };

Let's say you a hash named %hash that contains employees, and the employees key is an array, as indicated by the [ ] characters. Dumper can be used to display the structure of the hash.

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

my %hash = ( 'employees' => [ { 'name' => 'John Doe', 'role' => 'Engineer' }, { 'name' => 'Jane Doe', 'role' => 'Sales' } ] );

print Dumper \%hash;

Which should return something like this.

$VAR1 = {
          'employees' => [
                           {
                             'name' => 'John Doe',
                             'role' => 'Engineer'
                           },
                           {
                             'name' => 'Jane Doe',
                             'role' => 'Sales'
                           }
                         ]
        };

You can loop through the foo key to print the value associated with the key.

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

my %hash = ( 'employees' => [ { 'name' => 'John Doe', 'role' => 'Engineer' }, { 'name' => 'Jane Doe', 'role' => 'Sales' } ] );

foreach my $employee (@{$hash{employees}}) {
  print "$employee->{name} \n";
  print "$employee->{role} \n";
}

Which should return the following.

John Doe
Engineer
Jane Doe
Sales