The env and printenv commands will list all of the environment variables that have been set.

~]$ printenv
HOSTNAME=server1.example.com
SHELL=/bin/bash
USER=john.doe

Lets say you've create a variable named "foo" that contain a value of "bar".

foo="bar"

When you echo $foo, bar is returned.

echo $foo
bar

However, foo will not be included in the output of the env command. export must be used for foo to be in the output of the env and printenv command.

export foo="bar"

Now the foo variable should be included in the output of the env and printenv command.

~]$ printenv
HOSTNAME=server1.example.com
SHELL=/bin/bash
USER=john.doe
foo=bar

The unset command will undefine the variable. In this example, the foo variable will no longer be defined.

unset foo

Now, when you attempt to echo $foo, nothing is returned, since foo has been unset. And the foo variable will not be included in the output of the env and printenv command.

echo $foo