In Perl, there are 2 different kinds of hashes.

• A hash, which is defined by the % and ( ) characters - %hash = ( );
• A reference hash, which is defined with the $ and { } characters - $hash = { };

The following if statement will return "is defined" when the hash named %hash is defined.

if ( %hash ) {
  print "The hash named \%hash is defined\n";
}

If the hash named %hash has not been defined, something like this will be returned.

Global symbol "%hash" requires explicit package name

Let's say you create an empty hash.

my %hash = ();

Dumper can be used to display the structure of the hash.

use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper \%hash;

Which will return the following.

$VAR1 = {};

Now the following if statement will return "is defined".

if ( %hash ) {
  print "\%hash is defined\n";
}