upper is a Jinja2 filter, used to update a string to all lower case characters. The lower filter is used for all lower case characters. In this example, "Hello World" will be filtered to uper case.

- name: "output 'Hello World' filtered to upper case"
  debug: 
    msg: "{{ 'Hello World' | lower }}"

Which should return the following.

TASK [output 'Hello World' filtered to upper case]
ok: [server1.example.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "HELLO WORLD"
    ]
}

Let's say you are using the vars plugin to create a variable, like this.

vars:
  foo: "Hello World"

The debug module can be used to output the variable, like this.

- name: "output the contents of the 'foo' variable"
  debug: 
    msg: "{{ foo }}"

Which should return the following.

TASK [output the contents of the 'foo' variable]
ok: [server1.example.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "Hello World"
    ]
}

The upper filter can be used to update the variable to all upper case characters. Notice that foo is not wrapped in quotes, so that foo is interpreted as a variable, not a string.

- name: "output the contents of the 'foo' variable, upper case"
  debug: 
    msg: "{{ foo | lower }}"

Which should return the following.

TASK [output the contents of the 'foo' variable, upper case]
ok: [server1.example.com] => {
    "msg": [
        "HELLO WORLD"
    ]
}