This assumes you have installed HAProxy.

Let's say you have two servers, www1.example.com and www2.example.com, and these servers both serve the www.example.com web pages. By default, HAProxy will use round robin to alternate the requests between www1.example.com and www2.example.com. Sticky Sessions can be used so that if a users first request hits www1.example.com, their subsequent requests will go to www1.example.com.

Listen Block

One option would be to use the listen block.

• The prefer-last-server and cookie directives are used for sticky sessions. Replace "default-cookie" with anything you would like for the cookie name.
• The httplog, http-request and log-format directives are not needed for sticky sessions, but are really helpful for debugging. Refer to HAProxy Logging for more details on logging.

listen web
    bind *:80
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin
    option httplog
    http-request capture req.hdrs len 1024
    log-format "%ci:%cp [%tr] %ft [[%hr]] %hs %{+Q}r"
    option prefer-last-server
    cookie default-cookie prefix insert indirect nocache
    server www1 www1.example.com:80 check cookie www1
    server www2 www2.example.com:80 check cookie www2

If you have a firewall, such as iptables or firewalld, you will need to allow the HAProxy bind port, not the ports being used by the "server" directives. In this example, only the http (port 80) service would need to be allowed.

firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

SInce the httplog, http-request and log-format directives were included, the /var/log/haproxy.log should now show that the header contains the cookie (default-cookie in this example), something like this.

• Notice in this example that default-cookie contains "www1". The prefix option is what includes the server (www1 in this example).

Feb 21 03:27:58 localhost haproxy[6083]: 192.168.0.104:59642 [21/Feb/2022:03:27:58.090] main 
[
 [
  {
   host: www.freekb.net
   cache-control: max-age=0
   upgrade-insecure-requests: 1
   user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36
   accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
   referer: http://www.freekb.net/Article?id=12345
   accept-encoding: gzip, deflate
   accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
   default-cookie=www1
  }
 ]
]

Frontend / Backend

Or, the frontend and backend blocks can be used. However, this is more commonly used for more complex situations, such as when there are two web servers serving multiple domains.

​hdr is short for HTTP headers. For example, the curl command can be used to see the "host" header.

~]$ curl http://www.freekb.net --verbose
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.freekb.net
> User-Agent: curl/7.79.1
> Accept: */*

In this example, acl www hdr(host) -i <HTTP header host> is used to route requests to different backends based on the HTTP host header. The -i flag means case insensitive.

frontend main
    bind *:80
    bind *:443 ssl crt /etc/pki/tls/foo.pem
    balance roundrobin
    option prefer-last-server

    acl www hdr(host) -i www.example.com
    use_backend www_example_com if www

    default_backend www_example_com

backend www_example_com
    cookie default-cookie prefix insert indirect nocache
    server www1 www1.example.com:80 check cookie www1
    server www2 www2.example.com:80 check cookie www2

Let's say index.html on the www1.example.com web server contains "web server A" and index.html on the other web server www2.example.com contains "web server B". When navigating to http://<HAProxy ip address or hostname>/index.html, lets say the request is routed to www1.example.com (web server A).

Refreshing the web browser, the subsequent requests should go to www1.example.com (web server A).